Avian influenza (Bird flu)
Last updated JULY 2024
There is currently a global spread of avian influenza. Strains of avian influenza have been identified in Victoria, NSW and ACT in Australia.
What is avian influenza?
Avian influenza or 'bird flu' is a virus that has the ability to cause widespread, catastrophic mortalities to wild birds, domestic birds and non-avian species. This virus circulates in flocks of wild migratory birds with low pathogenicity - this means it causes mild or no disease, kind of like a mild cold. This low pathogenic form of the virus, low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) can be transmitted from wild birds to domestic birds, particularly poultry flocks, where it can then mutate to become highly pathogenic causing serious disease and death. This is known as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and is responsible for the current outbreaks.
Who is at risk?
All species of birds can become infected with avian influenza including pet birds. However wild birds and birds that are outdoors and/or come into contact with wild birds either directly or indirectly via food and water sources are most at risk. Chickens, waterfowl and aviary birds are at much higher risk than indoor pet birds that do not interact with other birds.
How is avian influenza transmitted?
The main mode of transmission is via the faeco-oral route. This means that virus particles are shed in the droppings of infected birds and are then ingested by other birds, often through contaminated food and water sources. The virus can also be transmitted by direct contact and through fomites. Fomites refers to the virus being carried on surfaces like clothing, shoes and equipment.