Puppy Genetic Testing: A Vet Guide to Health Screening

While there are hundreds of genetic tests available, some conditions are frequently screened because of their impact on a dog's quality of life. These tests are often the "gold standard" for responsible breeding in Australia.

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)

PRA is a group of degenerative eye disorders that cause the photoreceptor cells in the retina to deteriorate over time.

• What happens: It typically starts with night blindness and progresses to total blindness.
• Breeds commonly affected: Labradors, Poodles, Cocker Spaniels, and Australian Cattle Dogs.
• The benefit of testing: Since PRA is often "late-onset" (appearing when a dog is 3 to 5 years old), genetic testing is the only way to know if a young puppy will lose their sight later in life.

Von Willebrand disease (vWD)

Von Willebrand disease is the most common inherited bleeding disorder in dogs, similar to haemophilia in humans. It is caused by a deficiency in a protein that helps blood platelets stick together to form clots.

• What happens: Affected dogs may experience spontaneous nosebleeds, bleeding from the gums, or prolonged bleeding after minor injuries or surgery.
• Breeds commonly affected: Doberman Pinschers, Shetland Sheepdogs, and German Shepherds.
• The benefit of testing: Knowing a dog has vWD allows your vet to take extra precautions during routine procedures like desexing.

Hereditary cataracts

Unlike the cloudy eyes we see in senior dogs, hereditary cataracts can appear in puppies or young adults.

• What happens: The lens of the eye becomes opaque, blocking light from reaching the retina and leading to vision loss.
• Breeds commonly affected: Australian Shepherds, Staffordshire Bull Terriers, and French Bulldogs.
• The benefit of testing: Some forms are dominant, meaning if a parent has the gene, the puppies are at high risk. Testing helps breeders choose "clear" pairs to ensure the next generation sees bright and clear.

Cardiomyopathy

Genetic heart conditions, such as Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM), affect the heart muscle's ability to pump blood effectively.

• What happens: The heart becomes enlarged and weak, which can lead to heart failure.
• Breeds commonly affected: Boxers, Doberman Pinschers, and Schnauzers.
• The benefit of testing: Early detection allows for lifestyle adjustments and cardiac monitoring, which can significantly extend a dog's healthy years.