Last Updated: 29/01/2026
Von Willebrand's Disease in Dogs: Causes, Signs and Treatment
Is your dog at risk of bleeding disorders? von Willebrand's disease is the most common inherited clotting issue in dogs. Our expert vet guide covers the three types of the disease, diagnostic testing, and how to keep your affected pet safe and healthy.
Author: Dr Michelle Wong BVSc
Reading Time: 4 minutes - short read
Discovering your dog has a bleeding disorder can be a frightening experience for any pet parent, often leading to stressful, late-night visits to the emergency clinic. While there are many reasons a dog might struggle to form clots, von Willebrand's disease stands out as the most common inherited bleeding disorder in the canine world. Similar to haemophilia in humans, this condition involves a deficiency in a specific protein that acts as the "glue" for blood platelets. Understanding how this condition affects your dog's health is the first step in providing a safe, happy life for your furry companion.
What is von Willebrand's disease in dogs?
Von Willebrand's disease is a commonly inherited bleeding disorder in both humans and dogs. It is rarely seen in cats. This disease is characterised by a defect in the clotting factor, the Von Willebrand's factor, which normally acts as the 'glue' in holding platelets together to form a clot to stop the bleeding.
The Von Willebrand's factor is made of a protein complex and its purpose is to bind platelets together over the torn surface of the blood vessel. A defect in any of the proteins within this protein complex will result in von Willebrand's disease. While the platelet is held in place to stop the bleeding, fibrin is then produced to form a more permanent seal. Von Willebrand's factor also provides a small contribution in forming the fibrin clot.
Types of von Willebrand's Disease
There are three forms of von Willebrand's disease, defined by the quantity and quality of the protein structure.
von Willebrand's Disease Type 1
Type 1 is the most common. The proteins in the complex are low in number, although all types of proteins are present. Dog breeds which are affected by Type 1 include the:
von Willebrand's Disease Type 2
Type 2 von Willebrand's disease produces more severe bleeding episodes and is distinguished from Type 1 in that not only are the proteins in low concentration but there is abnormal structure and therefore function of the complex. This certain type may be more likely seen in:
- German Short-Haired Pointers
- German Wire-Haired Pointers
von Willebrand's Disease Type 3
This is the most severe type where there is no von Willebrand's factor present at all. Breeds commonly affected are:
- Chesapeake Bay Retriever
- Dutch Kooiker
- Scottish Terrier
- Shetland Sheepdog
Symptoms and warning signs of bleeding disorders
Dogs with von Willebrand's disease may appear quite normal until they show prolonged or excessive bleeding after injury or surgery. Spontaneous bleeding can occur in more severe cases, with noticeable bruising or bleeding from the nose without any history of trauma. The severity of bleeding can vary within this disease, ranging from mild to severe.
Signs to look for:
- Continued bleeding from injury or surgery
- Lethargy
- Bleeding from nose
- Blood in stools or urine
- Tarry faeces
- Bruising
- Excessive bleeding in females after giving birth or during oestrus (on heat)
How is von Willebrand's disease diagnosed?
Von Willebrand's disease can be diagnosed with a simple blood test where the amount of von Willebrand factor is measured, and then this quantity is compared to the levels in normal dogs. The normal range that should be present is from 70-180% in dogs. 50-69% is considered borderline. Anything less than 49% is abnormal, these dogs are at risk of bleeding and should not be part of a breeding program.
Treatment and managing a dog with a bleeding disorder
Von Willebrand's Disease has no cure. Dogs that are already bleeding can be given a blood transfusion containing the necessary clotting factors including von Willebrand's factor. A transfusion may also be given to dogs prior to a planned surgery.
Prevention and breeding recommendations
As mentioned above, a von Wollebrands factor test result less than 49% is abnormal. Therefore, these dogs are at risk of bleeding and should not be part of a breeding program.
Dogs with von Willebrand's disease, or are carriers of the gene, should ideally not be bred to prevent passing on this disease to their offspring. This can help to limit the occurrence of this inheritable disease.
DNA testing may be available, discuss screening tests with your veterinarian if you plan to breed or your dog is an at-risk breed and you wish to check before surgery.
If you are considering getting a new puppy and concerned about genetic diseases and testing, read our vet article on how to find a good breeder to compile your full checklist of questions to ask.
FAQs
Managing von Willebrand's disease is all about preparation and prevention. While a diagnosis means taking extra precautions during surgery or play, most dogs with this condition live full, joyful lives with the right support. By screening at-risk breeds and working closely with a veterinarian, pet parents can stay one step ahead of potential bleeding episodes. If you are planning a procedure for your dog or considering adding a new puppy to your family, a simple DNA or blood test can provide the peace of mind needed.
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History
Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space and we update our articles when new information becomes available.
Thu 29 Jan 2026
Edited by Dr Gillian Hill BVSc (Hons)Dr Michelle Wong BVSc
Veterinarian
Dr Michelle graduated from the University of Queensland in 2011 with a Bachelor of Veterinary Science and has worked in small animal practices around South East Queensland. As an owner of three cats, it is not surprising that Dr Michelle holds special interests in feline behaviour and medicine, as well as dermatology and preventative health care. Her favourite part of being a vet is witnessing the special bond between pets and their owners and helping pets live a happy and healthy life.
