Last Updated: 19/03/2026
Xoloitzcuintli (Mexican Hairless Dog) Breed Guide
Thinking of a Xoloitzcuintli? Our breed guide covers facts, health, and care.
Author: Dr Lacey Kelly BVSc (Hons)
Reading Time: 7 minutes - short read
Often called the "Mexican Hairless Dog," the Xoloitzcuintli is an ancient, calm, and loyal companion. They are incredibly sensitive to their environment and require specialised skin care to prevent sunburn and dryness. Their lack of coat means they need warm jumpers in winter and soft, padded bedding. They are intelligent and bond deeply with their family, but can be wary of strangers.
All about Xoloitzcuintlis
Place of origin
Mexico
Weight range
4-25kg
Breed size
Toy, Mini, Standard
Height range
25-58cm
Breed group
Non Sporting
Life expectancy
12-15 years
Coat colours
Black, Grey, Bronze, Red
Grooming needs
Moderate
Coat type
Hairless
Health issues
Skin issues; Dental
Shedding factor
Low
Exercise needs
Moderate
Play style
Gentle
Housing needs
Adaptable
Trainability
Moderate
Social needs
Moderate
Family suitability
High
Tendency to bark
Moderate
Nutrition
Providing a high-quality, balanced diet is essential for Xoloitzcuintlis to maintain their metabolic health and support the integrity of their sensitive skin barrier. Correct nutrition ensures they have the energy required for thermoregulation since they lack the natural insulation of a normal hair coat.
Best food for adult Xoloitzcuintlis
Adult Xoloitzcuintlis benefit most from a premium diet that is rich in omega fatty acids and high-quality proteins to support skin health and repair. Since they come in three sizes, it is important to select a formula that matches their specific life stage and breed size to ensure appropriate calorie density and kibble size. Diets that include antioxidants and specific skin-supporting nutrients like zinc and linoleic acid help to maintain the elasticity and resilience of their hairless skin. For those individuals with missing teeth, a diet that features a kibble shape that is easy to pick up or a combination of high-quality wet and dry food can be beneficial. Maintaining an ideal body weight is also crucial, as excess weight can put unnecessary strain on their joints.
What to look for
Look for diets enriched with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to support the natural skin barrier and reduce dryness.
Choose a formula with high-quality, easily digestible proteins to support muscle maintenance and skin repair.
Ensure the diet contains antioxidants like Vitamin E and C to support immune health and combat environmental stressors.
Best food for Xoloitzcuintli puppies
Xoloitzcuintli puppies require a precisely balanced diet that supports their rapid growth and development while being gentle on their digestive systems. A puppy-specific formula ensures they receive the correct ratio of calcium and phosphorus for healthy bone development, which is particularly important as they grow into their adult frames. The inclusion of DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid, is also essential for supporting healthy brain and vision development during their formative months. Because their skin is developing and they may experience "puppy acne," a diet that supports a healthy skin barrier from the inside out is highly advantageous. Feeding a highly palatable and digestible diet helps ensure they absorb all the necessary nutrients required for a strong immune system and a healthy start to life.
What to look for
Ensure the food contains DHA for optimal brain and visual development during the critical growth phase.
Select a diet with controlled levels of calcium and phosphorus to support steady and healthy skeletal growth.
Prioritise formulas with prebiotic fibres to support a healthy gut microbiome and optimal nutrient absorption.
Flea & worming
Even though Xoloitzcuintlis lack hair, they are still at risk from external parasites like fleas and ticks that bite the skin, as well as internal parasites like heartworm. Consistent preventative treatment is a non-negotiable part of their healthcare routine to prevent discomfort and serious disease.
Best flea and worming treatments for Xoloitzcuintlis
When selecting flea and worming products for a Xoloitzcuintli, it is often best to choose an all-in-one oral preventive that protects against fleas, ticks, heartworm, and intestinal worms. These oral treatments are highly effective and avoid the need to apply topical liquids to their sensitive skin. Consistent dosing ensures that the dog remains protected year-round, regardless of their environment. For owners who prefer topical options, it is important to ensure the skin is healthy and intact before application and to monitor for any localised reactions. Because these dogs spend a lot of time indoors and are so closely bonded with their families, keeping them free of parasites is essential for the health of both the pet and the household.
What to look for
Opt for all-in-one oral chews that provide comprehensive protection against fleas, ticks, and worms in a single dose.
Ensure the product specifically covers heartworm and tick prevention, which are critical health risks in many parts of Australia.
Choose a product that is appropriately dosed for the specific weight of the dog to ensure safety and efficacy.
Health
Using the right health and wellness products is vital for the Xoloitzcuintli to protect their exposed skin and maintain their overall physical comfort. Their unique anatomy requires a proactive approach to prevent common issues like dental decay and skin damage.
Products to keep Xoloitzcuintlis healthy
The most important health products for a Xoloitzcuintli are those designed for skin protection and dental hygiene. A pet-safe sunscreen is an absolute necessity for outdoor activities to prevent painful sunburn and long-term skin damage. Additionally, a gentle, fragrance-free moisturiser or leave-in conditioner designed specifically for dogs can help manage dryness and maintain skin suppleness, particularly in low-humidity environments. Dental care products such as toothpastes, dental gels, or water additives are also highly recommended to combat the breed's predisposition to dental issues. Because they can be prone to ear wax build-up, a gentle ear cleanser should also be part of their regular wellness kit to keep their large, upright ears clean and healthy.
What to look for
Use a pet-specific, non-toxic sunscreen to protect the skin from UV damage during any outdoor exposure.
Incorporate daily dental care products like dog-safe toothpaste to prevent plaque and tartar accumulation.
Select a gentle, pH-balanced moisturiser or skin conditioner to prevent cracking and irritation of the hairless skin.
Training and activity
Choosing the right toys and walking accessories is important for the Xoloitzcuintli to ensure they are mentally stimulated and physically safe during exercise. Their sensitive skin requires special consideration when selecting items that come into direct contact with their bodies.
Best toys for Xoloitzcuintlis
Xoloitzcuintlis are intelligent dogs that enjoy interactive play that strengthens their bond with their owners. Soft, plush toys are often a favourite for the hairless variety as they are gentle on the mouth and can also provide a sense of comfort. Puzzle toys and treat dispensers are excellent for providing mental stimulation indoors, which is where these dogs spend a significant amount of their time. Since they are sensitive to cold, toys that encourage movement indoors can help them stay active and warm during the cooler months without needing to face the elements outside.
What to look for
Select soft, plush toys that are gentle on the mouth and suitable for indoor play sessions.
Choose appropriately sized fetch or chase toys that encourage moderate physical activity and bonding.
Look for interactive puzzle toys that challenge their intelligence and provide mental enrichment.
Best harnesses, collars and walking accessories for Xoloitzcuintlis
For the Xoloitzcuintli, a soft, padded harness is much preferred over a traditional collar to prevent chafing and irritation of their delicate skin. It is important to look for harnesses with wide straps and smooth linings that distribute pressure evenly across the chest rather than the throat. A lightweight, standard lead is usually sufficient for these calm walkers, provided they have been trained to walk nicely on a lead. Because they feel the cold so acutely, a well-fitted dog coat or jumper is an essential walking accessory for much of the year in Australia. When choosing clothing, ensure the fabric is breathable and the seams are soft to avoid irritating the skin. Reflective elements on harnesses or coats are also a great safety feature for evening walks.
What to look for
Prioritise padded harnesses with soft linings to protect the sensitive skin from friction and rubbing.
Invest in high-quality, breathable dog jumpers or coats to maintain body temperature during outdoor exercise.
Use a lightweight and secure lead that allows for comfortable control without being too heavy for the dog.
Grooming
Selecting the right grooming products for a Xoloitzcuintli is more about skin maintenance than coat care, making it a unique but essential task. Regular attention to their skin prevents common dermatological issues and keeps them comfortable.
Best grooming products for Xoloitzcuintlis
Grooming a Xoloitzcuintli involves regular bathing with a very gentle, soap-free shampoo to remove dirt and oils without stripping the skin of its natural moisture. Over-bathing should be avoided, as it can lead to dryness and irritation. After bathing, applying a light, dog-specific conditioner or oil can help lock in moisture and keep the skin smooth. Nail care is also an important part of their grooming routine, as long nails can accidentally scratch their own skin during scratching or play. Clipping nails regularly will keep their paws healthy. For the coated variety of the Xoloitzcuintli, a simple weekly brush with a soft bristle brush is usually all that is required to keep their short, sleek coat in top condition.
What to look for
Use a soap-free, hypoallergenic dog shampoo that is designed for sensitive skin to avoid irritation.
Have a reliable set of nail clippers or a grinder to keep nails short and prevent accidental skin scratches.
Keep gentle, unscented grooming wipes on hand for quick clean-ups of the skin between baths.
Sleep and home
Choosing the right sleep and home products is vital for the Xoloitzcuintli to ensure they have a warm, secure place to rest and recover. Their lack of fur means they are much more sensitive to hard surfaces and draughts than other breeds.
Best beds for Xoloitzcuintlis
Xoloitzcuintlis require soft, plush bedding that provides plenty of cushioning for their bony prominences and protection from cold floors. Bolster beds are often a popular choice as they provide a sense of security and a place for the dog to rest their head. High-walled beds or "burrow" type beds are particularly excellent for this breed, as they allow the dog to nestle down and stay warm. Placing beds in draught-free areas of the home is essential to prevent them from becoming chilled. Many Xolo owners also find that providing extra soft blankets within the bed allows the dog to self-regulate their temperature by burrowing. For older dogs, an orthopaedic memory foam bed can provide extra support for their joints and ensure a comfortable night's sleep.
What to look for
Look for high-walled or hooded beds that help retain body heat and provide a sense of security.
Choose beds with thick, orthopaedic padding to provide comfort and protect the dog from hard surfaces.
Ensure the bed has a removable, washable cover for easy hygiene and maintenance of the sleeping area.
Xoloitzcuintli FAQ
