Manufacterers started making grain free pet food in response to an increased demand from pet owners. But what caused pet owners start seeking grain free pet food?
Firstly, there was an increase in demand due to the over-diagnosis of grain allergies in cats. Perhaps this was related to the increases in knowledge surrounding human coeliac disease and gluten-free trends, or perhaps it was due to advances in veterinary diagnostic technology. Regardless of what spurred the movement, more and more people started suspecting grain allergies in their cats.
The truth is that food allergies in cats may caused by grains such as wheat. But this is unlikely. In cats, the most common causes of itchy skin is fleas. Actual food allergies are estimated to be responsible for only 1% of skin disease. And in the cases of true food allergies, the most common causes of food adverse reactions are actually to beef, dairy products, and fish.
Food sensitivities often improve from a diet change - however this is often not due to a food allergy, but rather factors such as increased digestibility of the new diet, fat, or fiber content.
The second reason why grain free food became popular is because of the belief that grains are a useless 'filler' ingredient in pet food. The excessive amount of grains found in cheaper "supermarket brands" is often disproportionate to the actual nutritional requirements for your cat. This surplus of grains in budget brands goes undigested and is excreted as fecal matter.
The belief follows, therefore, that grain free food must contain 'fewer fillers' and 'more meat'.
Now, it's true that some grain-free pet food does contain high levels of meat - for example, Feline Natural and Ziwi boast meat content levels over 90% in their recipes. However, many grain free diets contain similar meat:carbohydrate ratios as grain-containing foods, using alternative carbohydrate sources in place of grains such as potatoes, peas, tapioca, sweet potato, or chick peas. Potatoes and tapioca in particular actually have a lower nutritive value than grains, with less protein and more sugar than corn or oats.