Can Dogs Drink Milk?
This article is written by Pet Circle veterinarian,
The answer to this question comes down to your individual dog! Digestion of milk requires the enzyme lactase. Puppies have an abundance of this enzyme when they are feeding from their mother. However, many dogs shortly after weaning lose this enzyme and thus their ability to properly digest milk. This is similar to lactose intolerance that affects some people. So although milk isn't harmful for your pooch it may cause unpleasant digestive upsets (diarrhoea and vomiting) in those that are lactose intolerant.
For dogs that can digest lactose, most love a treat of milk! Bear in mind for dogs already on a high quality, complete and balanced diet they do not require dairy as a source of calcium so when giving milk it should only be done occasionally and in small portions.
What type of milk is best?
To reduce the risk of tummy upsets choose a pet specific or lactose free milk such as K9 NATURAL Lactose Free Dog Milk or PETS OWN puppy and dog milk.
Please note that puppies that require bottle or supplemental feeding need to be fed specially formulated neonatal milk which is different from cow's milk or pet milk that is given as a treat. Neonatal formulations include Wombaroo milk replacer or Di Vetelact and directions for feeding should be followed.
Learn more about caring for pregnant dogs and puppies in our Pregnant Dog Guide.
What about milk alternatives?
Plant-based milk alternatives are generally safe to be given to dogs. Plant milks such as soy, almond and oat milk tend to be low in lactose and sugar which is a bonus in terms of digestion. As with all foods however, there are still some pets that can not tolerate these products. Some dogs may have a soy allergy and the higher fat content in almond milk and high fibre in oat milk can cause some digestive upsets so these products are best avoided in dogs who don't tolerate them. As with standard milk, plant milks should also be given only occasionally and in moderation.
What are the health benefits of giving your dog milk?
Milk can provide a variety of nutrients to dogs, like protein, calcium, vitamins A, D and B12, and other minerals. However, milk alone is not a sufficient source for these nutrients. These nutrients can and should be adequately provided through a balanced and complete dog diet.
Because milk carries risks such as digestive upsets in lactose intolerant dogs, high calorie content leading to weight gain and some dogs can have allergies to dairy products like milk. As such, milk is best suited to use in moderation as a tasty treat.
Some puppies may require supplemental feeding with milk, in which case specific milk replacers should be used. Neonatal milk replacements can be an excellent source of essential vitamins and minerals, protein, fat and immune support. Milk Replacers are nutritionally balanced and complete for feeding to puppies. However, they may also be beneficial for pregnant/lactating mothers to support the growth of their puppies and senior animals as a source of anti-oxidants and amino acids for maintaining muscle strength and general health through ageing.
If you decide to give your dog milk, do so in small quantities and observe your dog for any signs of digestive upset or allergic reaction. Always consult with your vet before introducing a new food into your dog's diet. There are also dog-specific milk substitutes available that do not contain lactose, which could be a safer alternative if your dog enjoys the taste of milk.
Can dogs develop lactose intolerance later in life, even if they tolerated milk well as puppies?
Yes, dogs can develop lactose intolerance later in life even if they were able to tolerate milk well as puppies. This is because, like many mammals, dogs often produce less lactase - the enzyme necessary to digest lactose - as they age.
If a dog that once tolerated milk becomes lactose intolerant, they may experience symptoms like gas, bloating, diarrhea, and vomiting after consuming milk or dairy products. If you notice these symptoms in your dog after they consume milk, it would be best to eliminate dairy from their diet and consult with your vet.
Are there any risks associated with giving milk or milk alternatives to dogs, such as obesity, dental problems, or allergic reactions?
Yes, giving milk or milk alternatives to dogs can pose risks. While some dogs can tolerate milk, it's important to note that many dogs are lactose intolerant, which means they have difficulty digesting lactose, a sugar found in milk. This can result in digestive upset, including gas, bloating, diarrhoea, and vomiting.
Regular consumption of these products can lead to obesity due to their high calorie content, which in turn can result in health issues such as diabetes, heart disease, and joint problems. Furthermore, certain components in milk, such as sugars, can contribute to dental issues if oral hygiene is not maintained.
Finally, some dogs can have allergic reactions to milk or milk alternatives, resulting in symptoms ranging from skin irritation and digestive problems to more serious responses such as difficulty breathing. Always consult with a vet before introducing new foods into your dog's diet.
Can senior dogs drink milk?
Senior dogs, like all dogs, can have varying reactions to milk. Many dogs are lactose intolerant to some degree. Lactose intolerance can become more prevalent as a dog ages and its production of lactase, the enzyme that breaks down lactose, decreases. In addition, milk is high in calories and could contribute to weight gain, which can be an issue, especially for senior dogs who may be less active.
Further Reading
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Sources
Can dogs drink milk? - First Vet
Is it ok to feed your cat or dog milk products? - Vet West
Is it ok to give my dog plant based milk? - First Vet