Last Updated: 09/03/2026
Papillon Breed Guide
Thinking of a Papillon? Our breed guide covers facts, health, and care.
Author: Dr Maree Monaghan BVSc (Hons)
Reading Time: 7 minutes - short read
The Papillon is a dainty, elegant toy breed famous for its large, wing-like ears that give it a butterfly-like appearance. Despite their fragile look, they are surprisingly hardy, athletic, and highly intelligent, often ranking as the smartest of the toy breeds. They are social, alert, and thrive on human companionship, making them excellent family pets for those who can provide mental stimulation and regular activity. Because of their fine, silky coat and lack of undercoat, they are relatively easy to groom but may require a coat in cooler Aussie winters.
All about Papillons
Place of origin
France/Belgium
Weight range
4-7kg
Breed size
Toy/Small
Height range
20-28cm
Breed group
Toy
Life expectancy
12-15 years
Coat colours
Fawn, Gold, Particolour
Grooming needs
Moderate
Coat type
Silky
Health issues
PRA (Eyes)
Shedding factor
Moderate
Exercise needs
Moderate
Play style
Chase & Pounce, Explore, Gentle
Housing needs
Adaptable
Trainability
High
Social needs
Moderate
Family suitability
High
Tendency to bark
Moderate
Nutrition
Providing a nutritionally balanced diet tailored to a toy breed's high metabolic rate is essential for maintaining the Papillon's energy levels and overall health. Precise portion control and high-quality ingredients help prevent obesity, which can put unnecessary strain on their delicate joints.
Best food for adult Papillons
When selecting a diet for an adult Papillon, it is vital to choose a high-quality small-breed formula. These diets are specifically designed with smaller kibble sizes to accommodate their tiny mouths and often contain higher calorie densities to support their fast metabolisms. Look for formulas enriched with omega fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA, to support their luxurious, silky coats and maintain a healthy skin barrier.
Given their predisposition to joint issues like patellar luxation, foods containing natural sources of glucosamine and chondroitin are highly beneficial. It is also wise to look for diets that include specific nutrients for dental health, such as sodium tripolyphosphate, which helps reduce the accumulation of tartar on their teeth.
What to look for
Small-sized kibble designed specifically for toy and small breeds to ensure ease of chewing and safety.
High levels of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids to maintain the characteristic silky texture and shine of their coat.
Controlled calorie content and added joint support nutrients like glucosamine to protect their delicate skeletal structure.
Best food for Papillon puppies
Papillon puppies grow at a very rapid rate and require a diet that provides the correct balance of energy, protein, and minerals. A dedicated small-breed puppy formula ensures they receive the necessary nutrients for healthy bone and muscle development without promoting excessive weight gain. High levels of DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid found in fish oil, are particularly important for the healthy development of their sharp minds and keen eyesight. Because of their tiny stomachs, these puppies benefit from highly digestible ingredients that provide maximum nutrition in small volumes. Ensuring the diet is rich in antioxidants also helps support their developing immune systems during the critical first year of life.
What to look for
An appropriate calcium-to-phosphorus ratio to support the healthy development of their fine-boned skeleton.
Highly digestible proteins and prebiotics to ensure a stable digestive system during their growth phase.
Optimal levels of DHA to support the rapid brain development and ocular health of this highly intelligent breed.
Flea & worming
Consistent, year-round protection against parasites is non-negotiable for Papillons. Protecting them from heartworm, intestinal worms, fleas, and ticks is a fundamental part of responsible pet ownership.
Best flea and worming treatments for Papillons
For the Papillon, choosing a parasite prevention product that is specifically dosed for very small dogs is critical for safety. Many owners prefer an all-in-one monthly chewable or a spot-on treatment that provides broad-spectrum protection against the most common Australian parasites. Because Papillons have a single-layered silky coat, spot-on treatments are usually easy to apply, but a chewable option ensures no residue is left on their fine hair. It is important to ensure the product chosen covers heartworm, as this can be fatal, and provides robust protection against the paralysis tick, which is a major threat in many parts of Australia. Always weigh your Papillon accurately before administering any treatment to ensure they receive the correct dose.
What to look for
Easy-to-administer formats, such as small, palatable chews, that suit the often-fussy appetites of toy breeds.
Comprehensive coverage that includes heartworm prevention and protection against the deadly paralysis tick.
Precise dosing categories for toy breeds to ensure efficacy and safety.
Health
Using targeted health products can significantly improve the quality of life for a Papillon by addressing their specific breed predispositions early. Proactive care is the best way to ensure these little dogs enjoy their long life expectancy in comfort.
Products to keep Papillons healthy
Given the Papillon's high risk for dental disease, at-home oral care is a top priority. Toothbrushes, toothpastes and dental rinses are excellent choices for maintaining hygiene between professional cleans.
Gentle eye cleaners can help keep the area around their large eyes clear of debris and tear staining, which is often visible on their particoloured coats.
Joint supplements containing green-lipped mussel or glucosamine can be started early in life to support their patellas.
What to look for
Veterinary dental or oral care diets to help remove plaque before it hardens into tartar
Daily dental care products, such as toothbrushes/pastes, water additives and dental chews.
Quality joint supplements to support long-term mobility and protect against the effects of patellar luxation.
Training and activity
Choosing the right interactive tools is vital for a Papillon, as their high intelligence means they can become bored and destructive without proper mental outlets. They need activities that challenge their minds as much as their bodies.
Best toys for Papillons
Papillons excel at games that involve problem-solving and speed. Interactive puzzle toys that require them to manipulate elements to reach a treat are fantastic for keeping their sharp brains occupied. Small-sized fetch toys, such as mini balls or lightweight flyers, allow them to satisfy their natural athletic urges without overwhelming their small frames. Soft, plush toys are often a favourite for the "gentle" play style mentioned in their breed profile, providing a sense of comfort and a target for indoor "chase and pounce" games. Always ensure toys are sized appropriately for their small mouths to prevent any choking hazards.
What to look for
Lightweight fetch toys sized specifically for toy breeds to allow for safe, comfortable carrying and retrieval.
Complex puzzle and strategy toys that provide the high level of mental stimulation this intelligent breed requires.
Soft, high-quality plush toys that cater to their gentle play style and are easy to grip.
Best harnesses, collars and walking accessories for Papillons
When walking a Papillon, a lightweight harness is almost always preferable to a collar attached to a lead. Their necks are delicate, and a harness distributes pressure across the chest, which is much safer if they decide to dart after a butterfly or bird. Look for a harness made from soft, breathable mesh that won't mat their fine, silky hair.
A lightweight lead is also essential, as heavy hardware can be burdensome for a dog of this size. Because they are highly trainable, a standard 1.2-metre or 1.8-metre lead is usually perfect for teaching polite walking habits, while a long-line can be great for safe "explore" sessions in open spaces.
What to look for
Ultra-lightweight leads with small, secure clips that don't weigh down your dog during walks.
Reflective stitching or attachments for increased visibility during early morning or evening strolls.
A comfortable, step-in mesh harness that avoids pressure on the trachea.
Grooming
While the Papillon is not a high-maintenance breed in terms of professional clipping, their fine, silky coat requires regular attention to prevent tangles and maintain its health. Choosing the right tools ensures the grooming experience is positive for both the pet and the owner.
Best grooming products for Papillons
The primary goal for Papillon grooming is to maintain the silkiness of the coat and the spectacular "fringing" on the ears. A high-quality slicker brush and a fine-toothed metal comb are the most important tools for removing loose hair and preventing mats from forming behind the ears and in the "breeches." Since they have a single coat, grooming is relatively quick but should be done at least twice a week. Using a gentle, moisturising shampoo and conditioner specifically formulated for long or silky coats will help keep the hair manageable and shiny. Regular nail trimming is also essential.
What to look for
A soft-pin slicker brush that effectively removes loose hair without scratching their sensitive skin.
A fine-toothed metal comb specifically for detailing the delicate fringe on the ears and tail.
Silky-coat specific shampoos and conditioners that enhance shine and prevent the hair from becoming brittle.
Sleep and home
A Papillon's home should be their sanctuary, providing security and comfort tailored to their small size and social nature. Choosing the right bedding helps them recover from their active bursts of play.
Best beds for Papillons
Because Papillons are social and love to be near their owners, having several "stations" or beds throughout the home is ideal. They often enjoy "bolster" style beds with raised edges, which provide a sense of security and a place to rest their heads while they watch the household activity. Look for beds with soft, plush linings that provide warmth, as they can feel the cold easily. For older Papillons or those with joint concerns, an orthopaedic foam base can provide necessary support. It is also a good idea to ensure the bed is easily washable, as their long coats can occasionally bring in debris from the garden.
What to look for
Bolster-style beds with raised sides to provide a sense of security and a comfortable headrest.
Removable, machine-washable covers for easy maintenance and hygiene.
Soft, insulating materials like faux fur or fleece to help keep them warm in cooler environments.
Papillon FAQ
