Last Updated: 09/02/2026
Shih Tzu Breed Guide
Thinking of a Shih Tzu? Our breed guide covers facts, health, and care.
Author: Dr Maree Monaghan BVSc (Hons)
Reading Time: 5 minutes - short read
Originally bred as palace pets, the Shih Tzu is a proud, affectionate, and lively little dog. They are characterised by their long, flowing double coats and their sweet, outgoing nature. While they can be a little independent, they are mostly happy being pampered lap dogs who love spending time with their families. Their beautiful coat requires significant maintenance, including daily brushing and regular professional grooming. Because of their flat faces, they can be sensitive to heat and may experience some breathing difficulties. They are relatively low-energy and are happy with short daily walks and plenty of indoor playtime. Their friendly disposition makes them great companions for apartment dwellers and families alike.
All about Shih Tzu
Place of origin
Tibet/China
Weight range
4-7.5kg
Breed size
Small
Height range
20-28cm
Breed group
Toy
Life expectancy
10-16 years
Coat colours
Gold & White, Silver & White, Black & White, Brindle, Solid Gold
Grooming needs
High
Coat type
Long Double
Health issues
BOAS; Eyes; Dental; Luxating Patella
Shedding factor
Low
Exercise needs
Low
Play style
Affectionate
Housing needs
Apartment suitable
Trainability
Moderate
Social needs
High
Family suitability
High
Tendency to bark
Moderate
Nutrition
Feeding a high-quality diet tailored to small breeds is essential to support the Shih Tzu's long lifespan and maintain their skin and coat health.
Best food for adult Shih Tzu
Adult Shih Tzus benefit from a diet specifically formulated for small or toy breeds, which features a smaller kibble size adapted to their tiny jaws and unique bite. These diets often include specific nutrients like omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and biotin to support the growth and lustre of their long, luxurious double coat. Furthermore, because Shih Tzus are prone to dental issues, many premium adult foods contain calcium chelators to help reduce the formation of tartar. Maintaining a precise calorie balance is also crucial, as even a small amount of weight gain can exacerbate breathing and joint issues in this breed.
What to look for
Contains dental support ingredients such as sodium tripolyphosphate to help reduce tartar.
Small kibble size specifically designed for brachycephalic jaws and small mouths.
Enriched with omega fatty acids and zinc to support a healthy skin barrier and coat.
Best food for Shih Tzu puppies
Shih Tzu puppies require a nutrient-dense diet to support their rapid growth and development during their first year of life. These formulas should be rich in DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), an essential omega-3 fatty acid typically found in mother's milk, which is vital for healthy brain and vision development. Because of their small stomach capacity, puppy food for Shih Tzus must be highly digestible and calorie-dense to ensure they receive all necessary vitamins and minerals in small portions. A balance of antioxidants is also included to help support their developing immune system as they transition away from maternal antibodies.
What to look for
Optimised levels of calcium and phosphorus for healthy bone and joint development.
Highly digestible proteins and prebiotics to support a sensitive developing digestive system.
Includes DHA to support cognitive and visual development during the growth phase.
Flea & worming
Consistent year-round flea and worming prevention is vital for Shih Tzus to prevent skin irritation and protect against life-threatening parasites like heartworm.
Best flea and worming treatments for Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus often have sensitive skin, so choosing a comprehensive parasite prevention that is well-tolerated is a priority. Many owners prefer all-in-one monthly chews that protect against fleas, ticks, heartworm, and intestinal worms, as these are easy to administer and avoid potential topically-induced skin reactions.
It is important to ensure the product covers the specific weight range of your Shih Tzu, as they can fluctuate between the 'toy' and 'small' categories.
What to look for
A palatable oral chew to avoid messy topical applications on a long, groomed coat.
Comprehensive 'all-in-one' protection covering fleas; ticks; heartworm; and intestinal worms.
Fast-acting formula to kill fleas and ticks quickly and prevent environmental infestation.
Health
Using targeted health products is important for Shih Tzus to manage their predisposition to eye, dental, and respiratory sensitivities.
Products to keep Shih Tzu healthy
Due to their prominent eyes, Shih Tzus benefit greatly from daily eye cleaning products that help remove debris and reduce the risk of tear staining. Maintaining clear vision and preventing irritation is a key part of their daily care routine.
Dental health products are also essential for this breed; daily brushing with pet-safe toothpaste or the use of dental gels can significantly delay the onset of periodontal disease.
For older Shih Tzus, joint supplements can help support mobility and comfort.
What to look for
Gentle eye wipes or flushes to maintain ocular hygiene and prevent tear staining.
Dental care kits including soft-bristled brushes and enzyme-based toothpaste for small mouths.
High-quality joint supplements to support patellar health and overall mobility.
Training and activity
Choosing the right toys and walking gear is essential for the Shih Tzu to provide mental enrichment while keeping their delicate airways safe.
Best toys for Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus enjoy toys that encourage gentle interaction and satisfy their curious nature, such as soft plush toys and small fetch balls. Since they are not aggressive chewers, soft toys they can carry around like 'babies' are often a huge hit. Interactive puzzle toys that hide small treats are excellent for keeping their intelligent minds active without overexerting them physically. It is important to choose toys that are appropriately sized for their small mouths to prevent any accidental choking hazards.
What to look for
Soft plush textures that are easy to carry and gentle on smaller mouths.
Treat-dispensing puzzles that provide low-impact mental stimulation.
Squeaky toys that engage their natural curiosity and encourage gentle play.
Best harnesses, collars and walking accessories for Shih Tzu
For a Shih Tzu, a harness is always recommended over a traditional collar for walking to avoid putting any pressure on their sensitive trachea. This is especially important for brachycephalic breeds to ensure their breathing is never compromised during exercise. A lightweight, high-quality lead provides the control needed for their moderate walking pace. Given their small size and coat type, harnesses should be adjustable and made from soft, breathable materials that won't cause matting or skin rubbing.
What to look for
A front-attaching or back-attaching harness to prevent tracheal pressure and collapse.
Lightweight leads that are easy to handle and do not weigh down a small dog.
Breathable mesh materials to help manage body temperature during walks.
Grooming
Proper grooming products are vital for the Shih Tzu to manage their high-maintenance coat and prevent painful matting.
Best grooming products for Shih Tzu
The Shih Tzu coat requires daily brushing to remain tangle-free, so a high-quality slicker brush and a metal comb are non-negotiable tools for every owner. Regular bathing with a moisturising shampoo and conditioner helps maintain the silky texture of their hair and supports skin health. Because their hair grows continuously, professional grooming is required every 4 to 6 weeks. At home, owners should also focus on trimming the hair around the eyes to prevent irritation and keeping the hair between the paw pads tidy to prevent slipping.
What to look for
Detangling sprays to make daily brushing sessions easier and more comfortable.
A soft slicker brush and fine-toothed comb to reach through the double coat.
Hypoallergenic or oatmeal-based shampoos to soothe potentially sensitive skin.
Sleep and home
Choosing the right sleep and home products for Shih Tzus is essential for ensuring they feel secure and can rest their joints.
Best beds for Shih Tzu
Shih Tzus typically enjoy 'nesting,' so beds with raised bolsters or walls provide a sense of security and a comfortable place to rest their heads. Given their small size, they often prefer plush, soft materials that keep them warm and cosy. For older Shih Tzus or those with joint issues, an orthopaedic memory foam bed can provide essential support. It is also a good idea to have a cooling mat available during the summer months, as their flat faces make them prone to overheating indoors.
What to look for
Bolstered edges to provide a sense of security and a headrest.
Machine-washable covers to easily manage the hygiene of their sleeping area.
Orthopaedic foam options for senior dogs to support aging joints.
Shih Tzu FAQ
